Occasional Paper No.003
The Somaliland Issue: Which Path Will Ethiopia Choose? The recognition of Somaliland acts as a “Pandora’s Box,” offering Ethiopia a strategic maritime gateway while risking regional conflict and violating Somalia’s sovereignty. Amidst a diplomatic “encirclement” by Egypt, Eritrea, and Somalia, compounded by growing Egyptian influence in Djibouti, Ethiopia faces a critical choice: maintain its maritime […]
Occasional Paper No.002
Eritrea’s Withdrawal from IGAD On December 12, 2025, Eritrea formally withdrew from the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), marking the end of a brief, inactive membership reactivation that began in June 2023. This decision reflects Eritrea’s return to its long-standing policy of isolation, prioritizing absolute national sovereignty and regime preservation over regional integration amidst escalating […]
Occasional Paper No.001
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD): Towards Re-reforming the Regional Organization in the Age of Uncertainty The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) has undergone a significant transformation from its origins as a drought-focused entity (IGADD) in 1986 to a comprehensive regional organization mandated with development and security. Following a 1996 revitalization that expanded its scope […]